Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background: Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease affecting millions globally, leading to increased morbidity and mortality due to fractures, particularly in aging populations. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), approximately 200 million women worldwide are affected by osteoporosis, with a rising incidence of osteoporotic fractures in both developed and developing nations. The economic burden is immense, with annual healthcare costs associated with fractures exceeding billions of dollars. In India alone, it is estimated that by 2050, there will be over 6 million hip fractures per year. Early detection, prevention, and comprehensive management are essential to reduce the impact of this "silent disease" in aging populations.

This article reviews epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies, highlighting recent advancements in treatment options and patient education initiatives. A particular focus is placed on the Indian scenario, where an aging population, low awareness, and insufficient healthcare resources pose additional challenges in managing osteoporosis.